participant_demographics

participant_demographics#

You can see the full contents of this project on GitHub.

participant_demographics#

Annotating information about participants: count, sex, age, and diagnosis.

Some analyses of this project’s annotations are shown in this page.

How to annotate#

Annotating demographic information about the participants is more complex than other projects in this repository, because studies typically involve several groups of participants, with diverse structures, and there is some variation in how the relevant information is reported. To annotate a piece of information about a group of participants, we stack several annotations on top of each other. We add annotations that identify the group of participants (eg patients vs controls), then an annotation that contains the information of interest (eg count, min age, etc.). To be easily linked these annotations should be at the exact same positions, which is easy to acheive in labelbuddy by clicking several labels in sequence (or by first selecting an existing annotation and then clicking a new label to add it on top).

We consider that most articles roughly conform to the participant group structure depicted in the tree shown in Fig. 1. The root contains all the participants, which are then divided in patients and healthy controls, each of which may contain several subgroups, and finally each subgroup can contain females and males. Note that for many articles, some of the nodes will be empty – eg studies involving only healthy controls, only one sex, etc.

../_images/annotate_participants.png

Fig. 1 The participant group structure and corresponding annotations.#

Annotation example with subgroups#

In Fig. 1 we see the general way of annotating information about participants. We start by describing the most complex case but for most annotations the situation will be simpler.

This video (without sound) illustrates the annotation process that is described below. The report on the left shows a continuously updated summary of the participants in the current document, it is launched with the scripts/watch_participants.py script as explained here.

Here we annotate the count (20) of a specific subgroup, constituted of:

  • Patients

  • Within patients, the schizophrenia subgroup (this article also has an autism spectrum disorder subgroup of patients)

  • Within the schizophrenia subgroup, the males.

To annotate this information, we select the information we want to annotate and then apply labels, starting from the top of the participants tree (the actual order doesn’t matter, this is just a suggestion). We first click the “patients” label.

Then, as there are several patients subgroups in this article, we need to differentiate the schizophrenia subgroup. We don’t want to add new labels for subgroups, as we would end up with a very long list of labels, most of which are used in few papers (eg “schizophrenia”, “siblings”, “experts”, etc.) Instead, we rely on the extra data input field in labelbuddy. While the “patients” annotation is still selected, we write int its extra data field (on the bottom left of labelbuddy). We enter in there whatever name we want to give to the schizophrenia subgroup, which will act as a local identifier within the current paper. This name is arbitrary and only serves to link the different annotations about that subgroup, here we unoriginally chose “schizophrenia”. Referring it to it again for other annotations will be easy because labelbuddy will propose it in a completion list whenever we are entering extra data for the “patients” label.

Next, we click on the “males” label to create a new annotation, indicating that within the “patients” / “schizophrenia” subgroup, we are looking at the males. Finally, we click on the “count” label to create a new annotation, indicating the type of information contained in our selected text. If needed, we can use the extra data here again – for example if the count was indicated as “twenty” (in English), we would enter in the extra data “20” (the value in numbers), to make it easier to use the annotation later.

So to summarize, the steps are:

  • Select the group (“patients” or “healthy”)

  • Enter the subgroup identifier in the “extra data” field (with the help of the completion list if we have seen that subgroup before)

  • Select the sex (“females” or “males”)

  • Select the label that indicates the type of information (“count”, “age mean”, etc.)

  • If necessary add any complementary information in the “extra data” field (eg “20” when the selected text is “twenty”).

When we annotate information about nodes that are higher in the participant group tree, we simply omit the labels that do not apply. For example, if we are annotating the total count of participants (healthy and patients), we simply apply the label “count”, without indicating a group, subgroup or sex. As we see below, when we select the diagnosis, we only indicate the group and subgroup, as the diagnosis applies to both males and females.

Here are all the annotations for article discussed above, PMC8883821:

PMC8883821

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Disease-Specific Contribution of Pulvinar Dysfunction to Impaired Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia

78 participants

Healthy participants

30 participants, 8 females, 22 males

Age range: 19 – 54 years

Patients   autism spectrum disorder

Diagnosis: autism spectrum disorder

20 patients, 4 females, 16 males

Age range: 19 – 43 years

Patients   schizophrenia

Diagnosis: schizophrenia

28 patients, 8 females, 20 males

Age range: 21 – 54 years

full extraction details
count = 78, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54

patients

count = 48, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54

schizophrenia

count = 28, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 54, diagnosis = schizophrenia

female

count = 8, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 54, diagnosis = schizophrenia

male

count = 20, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 54, diagnosis = schizophrenia

autism spectrum disorder

count = 20, diagnosis = autism spectrum disorder, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 43

female

count = 4, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 43, diagnosis = autism spectrum disorder

male

count = 16, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 43, diagnosis = autism spectrum disorder

healthy

count = 30, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54

_

count = 30, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54

female

count = 8, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54

male

count = 22, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 54
patients
schizophrenia
female
count
…of several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8 /20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using tas…
patients
schizophrenia
male
count
… several neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia (Sz) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8/ 20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-b…
patients
autism spectrum disorder
female
count
…(Sz) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4 /16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compa…
patients
autism spectrum disorder
male
count
…z) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Here, we investigated potential visual sensory contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4/ 16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8/22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compared…
healthy
female
count
…ry contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8 /22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compared to neurotypical controls, both Sz ( d = 1.97) and ASD ( d = 1.13) participan…
healthy
male
count
… contributions to FER deficits in Sz ( n = 28, 8/20 female/male; age 21–54 years) and adult ASD ( n = 20, 4/16 female/male; age 19–43 years) participants compared to neurotypical ( n = 30, 8/ 22 female/male; age 19–54 years) controls using task-based fMRI during an implicit static/dynamic FER task. Compared to neurotypical controls, both Sz ( d = 1.97) and ASD ( d = 1.13) participants …
patients
schizophrenia
count
…ophysiological mechanisms underlying social cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric populations. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), c…
patients
schizophrenia
age minimum
…nderlying social cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric populations. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21 –54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diag…
patients
schizophrenia
age maximum
…rlying social cognitive impairments in neuropsychiatric populations. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21– 54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnos…
patients
schizophrenia
diagnosis
…mpairments in neuropsychiatric populations. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edi…
patients
autism spectrum disorder
count
… ### Participants Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19–54 years) ( ). …
patients
autism spectrum disorder
diagnosis
…ts Seventy-eight participants took part, including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19–54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable …
patients
autism spectrum disorder
age minimum
…t, including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19 –43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19–54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable dose of antipsychoti…
patients
autism spectrum disorder
age maximum
…including 28 participants (age range 21–54 years) diagnosed with schizophrenia (Sz) using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19– 43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19–54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable dose of antipsychotic m…
healthy
count
…g the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19–54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable dose of antipsychotic medication. All participants had at least 20/22 corrected visual acuity on a Logarithmic …
healthy
age minimum
…for DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19 –54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable dose of antipsychotic medication. All participants had at least 20/22 corrected visual acuity on a Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart. On average, Sz …
healthy
age maximum
… DSM-IV ( ), 20 adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (age range 19–43 years), confirmed by the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition, and 30 neurotypical controls (age range 19– 54 years) ( ). All Sz participants were on a stable dose of antipsychotic medication. All participants had at least 20/22 corrected visual acuity on a Logarithmic Visual Acuity Chart. On average, Sz par…

A simpler example#

When the participant structure of an article is simpler, we can omit any of the labels as long as it does not introduce an ambiguity. For example, if there is only one group of patients, we do not need to indicate a subgroup. If the study contains only patients or only healthy participants, we do not need to use the patients or healthy labels. Which label applies will be inferred from the presence of a diagnosis. The live report can help check that any information we leave out is being correctly inferred as we annotate.

Below is an example for the article PMC3447931 where only the count is provided, for the patients and for the healthy controls. Note that “diagnosis” implicitly refers to patients, so we can omit the group label here (but it would not be an error to add it).

PMC3447931

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Patterns of Spontaneous Brain Activity in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Resting-State fMRI Study

40 participants

Healthy participants

20 participants

Patients

Diagnosis: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

20 patients

full extraction details
count = 40

patients

count = 20, diagnosis = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

_

count = 20, diagnosis = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

female

diagnosis = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

male

diagnosis = amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

healthy

count = 20

_

count = 20

female

male

diagnosis
…reflect spontaneous cerebral neural activity. Previous fMRI studies were focused on the examination of motor-related areas and little is known about the functional changes in the extra-motor areas in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate functional cerebral abnormalities in ALS patients on a whole brain scale. Twenty ALS patients and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteer…
patients
count
20
…nal changes in the extra-motor areas in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate functional cerebral abnormalities in ALS patients on a whole brain scale. Twenty ALS patients and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Voxel-based analysis was used to characterize the alteration of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Compared …
healthy
count
20
…-motor areas in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The aim of this study is to investigate functional cerebral abnormalities in ALS patients on a whole brain scale. Twenty ALS patients and twenty age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Voxel-based analysis was used to characterize the alteration of amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (ALFF). Compared with the controls, the A…

Participant demographics summaries#

The repository contains utilities to extract summaries about the participant groups from an article’s annotations and display them as shown in this page.

scripts/participants_report.py creates a report for all the articles exported from a given annotator and project.

scripts/watch_participants.py serves a live summary of the participant groups in the document we are currently annotating in labelbuddy. From the root of the repository you can run it with:

scripts/watch_participants.py projects/participant_demographics/Your_Name.labelbuddy

(If you call it without specifying a file it will pick the most recently modified .labelbuddy file in the projects/ directory.)

It will print the path to a file that you can open in a web browser and that can help to check annotations are correctly interpreted as you create them. If possible, the report will be automatically opened in the default web browser.

See scripts/participants_report.py --help and scripts/watch_participants.py --help for details.

Some more examples#

Below are a few more examples of annotated documents to help annotators get started.

PMC2144768

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

What Are You Feeling? Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Assess the Modulation of Sensory and Affective Responses during Empathy for Pain

18 participants

Healthy participants

18 participants, 9 females, 9 males

Age range: 19 – 35 years

Age mean: 23.7 years

full extraction details
count = 18, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35, age mean = 23.67

healthy

count = 18, age mean = 23.67, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35

_

count = 18, age mean = 23.67, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35

female

count = 9, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35

male

count = 9, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35
count
18
…ts. ### Participants Twenty-three right-handed volunteers (19 females, mean = 27.69 years, S.D. = 3.5) participated in the behavioral experiment designed for stimulus selection and validation. Eighteen different right-handed healthy volunteers (9 females) aged between 19 and 35 years (mean = 23.67 years, S.D. = 3.99) participated in the two fMRI experiments (role of evaluative focus; role of apprai…
female
count
…d volunteers (19 females, mean = 27.69 years, S.D. = 3.5) participated in the behavioral experiment designed for stimulus selection and validation. Eighteen different right-handed healthy volunteers ( 9 females) aged between 19 and 35 years (mean = 23.67 years, S.D. = 3.99) participated in the two fMRI experiments (role of evaluative focus; role of appraisal). All participants gave informed written …
age minimum
…, mean = 27.69 years, S.D. = 3.5) participated in the behavioral experiment designed for stimulus selection and validation. Eighteen different right-handed healthy volunteers (9 females) aged between 19 and 35 years (mean = 23.67 years, S.D. = 3.99) participated in the two fMRI experiments (role of evaluative focus; role of appraisal). All participants gave informed written consent and were paid for…
age maximum
…= 27.69 years, S.D. = 3.5) participated in the behavioral experiment designed for stimulus selection and validation. Eighteen different right-handed healthy volunteers (9 females) aged between 19 and 35 years (mean = 23.67 years, S.D. = 3.99) participated in the two fMRI experiments (role of evaluative focus; role of appraisal). All participants gave informed written consent and were paid for their …
age mean
…D. = 3.5) participated in the behavioral experiment designed for stimulus selection and validation. Eighteen different right-handed healthy volunteers (9 females) aged between 19 and 35 years (mean =  23.67 years, S.D. = 3.99) participated in the two fMRI experiments (role of evaluative focus; role of appraisal). All participants gave informed written consent and were paid for their participation. No su…

PMC2151069

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Dissociation of neural correlates of verbal and non-verbal visual working memory with different delays

12 participants

Healthy participants

12 participants, 6 females, 6 males

Age range: 20 – 40 years

Age mean: 25.4 years

full extraction details
count = 12, age minimum = 20, age maximum = 40, age mean = 25.4

healthy

count = 12, age mean = 25.4, age minimum = 20, age maximum = 40

_

count = 12, age mean = 25.4, age minimum = 20, age maximum = 40

male

count = 6, age minimum = 20, age maximum = 40

female

count = 6, age minimum = 20, age maximum = 40
count
12
…edominantly left-hemispheric temporo-parietal areas, whereas non-verbal memory is associated with medial and right-hemispheric frontal brain activity. ## Materials and methods ### Subjects Twelve right-handed adults (6 male, 6 female), aged between 20 and 40 years (mean= 25.4 yrs), participated in the study. All participants gave their written informed consent. All had normal or corrected-to-…
male
count
… temporo-parietal areas, whereas non-verbal memory is associated with medial and right-hemispheric frontal brain activity. ## Materials and methods ### Subjects Twelve right-handed adults ( 6 male, 6 female), aged between 20 and 40 years (mean= 25.4 yrs), participated in the study. All participants gave their written informed consent. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and repor…
age minimum
… non-verbal memory is associated with medial and right-hemispheric frontal brain activity. ## Materials and methods ### Subjects Twelve right-handed adults (6 male, 6 female), aged between 20 and 40 years (mean= 25.4 yrs), participated in the study. All participants gave their written informed consent. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and reported no prior psychiatric or neuro…
age maximum
…rbal memory is associated with medial and right-hemispheric frontal brain activity. ## Materials and methods ### Subjects Twelve right-handed adults (6 male, 6 female), aged between 20 and 40 years (mean= 25.4 yrs), participated in the study. All participants gave their written informed consent. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and reported no prior psychiatric or neurological…
age mean
…ssociated with medial and right-hemispheric frontal brain activity. ## Materials and methods ### Subjects Twelve right-handed adults (6 male, 6 female), aged between 20 and 40 years (mean= 25.4 yrs), participated in the study. All participants gave their written informed consent. All had normal or corrected-to-normal vision and reported no prior psychiatric or neurological impairments. #…

PMC2390848

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Fast Visuomotor Processing of Redundant Targets: The Role of the Right Temporo-Parietal Junction

15 participants

Healthy participants

15 participants, 7 females, 8 males

full extraction details
count = 15

healthy

count = 15

_

count = 15

male

count = 8

female

count = 7
count
15
…uomotor processing is due to waxing and waning of activation in the right ventrolateral network or to fluctuating inhibition from the left hemisphere. ## Materials and Methods ### Subjects Fifteen right-handed subjects (8 male, 7 female) were recruited and compensated for their participation. Subjects gave written informed consent according to the guidelines of the UCLA Institutional Review Bo…
male
count
…xing and waning of activation in the right ventrolateral network or to fluctuating inhibition from the left hemisphere. ## Materials and Methods ### Subjects Fifteen right-handed subjects ( 8 male, 7 female) were recruited and compensated for their participation. Subjects gave written informed consent according to the guidelines of the UCLA Institutional Review Board. The UCLA Institution…
female
count
… waning of activation in the right ventrolateral network or to fluctuating inhibition from the left hemisphere. ## Materials and Methods ### Subjects Fifteen right-handed subjects (8 male, 7 female) were recruited and compensated for their participation. Subjects gave written informed consent according to the guidelines of the UCLA Institutional Review Board. The UCLA Institutional Revie…

PMC2494616

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Phantom limb pain, cortical reorganization and the therapeutic effect of mental imagery

13 participants

Patients

Diagnosis: phantom limb pain

13 patients, 2 females, 11 males

Age range: 32 – 75 years

Age mean: 52.9 years

full extraction details
count = 13, age minimum = 32, age maximum = 75, age mean = 52.92, diagnosis = phantom limb pain

patients

count = 13, age mean = 52.92, age minimum = 32, age maximum = 75, diagnosis = phantom limb pain

_

count = 13, age mean = 52.92, age minimum = 32, age maximum = 75, diagnosis = phantom limb pain

male

count = 11, age minimum = 32, age maximum = 75, diagnosis = phantom limb pain

female

count = 2, age minimum = 32, age maximum = 75, diagnosis = phantom limb pain
count
13
…means of achieving a relaxed state, based on a pain management technique developed by Kabat-Zinn et al . ( ). ## Methods ### Participants All participants gave written, informed consent. Thirteen participants (11 males, 2 females, age range 32–75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's dura…
male
count
…laxed state, based on a pain management technique developed by Kabat-Zinn et al . ( ). ## Methods ### Participants All participants gave written, informed consent. Thirteen participants ( 11 males, 2 females, age range 32–75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's duration participated…
age range
…nagement technique developed by Kabat-Zinn et al . ( ). ## Methods ### Participants All participants gave written, informed consent. Thirteen participants (11 males, 2 females, age range 32–75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's duration participated (see for demographic details). …
age mean
… developed by Kabat-Zinn et al . ( ). ## Methods ### Participants All participants gave written, informed consent. Thirteen participants (11 males, 2 females, age range 32–75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's duration participated (see for demographic details). Time since amputat…
diagnosis
…ants gave written, informed consent. Thirteen participants (11 males, 2 females, age range 32–75 years, mean 52.92 years, SD 13.6), with unilateral, upper limb amputation at least above the wrist and phantom limb pain of at least one year's duration participated (see for demographic details). Time since amputation, and duration of pain was in the range of 3–51 years (mean 24.54 years, SD 17.1). Only one subject …

PMC2525845

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

The functional anatomy of semantic retrieval is influenced by gender, menstrual cycle, and sex hormones

24 participants

Healthy participants

24 participants, 12 females, 12 males

full extraction details
count = 24

healthy

count = 24

_

count = 24

male

count = 12

female

count = 12
healthy
male
count
… # Abstract This study examines the neurobiology of semantic retrieval and describes the influence of gender, menstrual cycle, and sex hormones on semantic networks. Healthy right-handed subjects ( 12 men, 12 women) were investigated with 3T-fMRI during synonym generation. Behavioral performance and sex hormone levels were assessed. Women were examined during the early follicular and midluteal cyc…
healthy
female
count
…ract This study examines the neurobiology of semantic retrieval and describes the influence of gender, menstrual cycle, and sex hormones on semantic networks. Healthy right-handed subjects (12 men, 12 women) were investigated with 3T-fMRI during synonym generation. Behavioral performance and sex hormone levels were assessed. Women were examined during the early follicular and midluteal cycle phase…

PMC2561002

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Cortical Activations in Humans Grasp-Related Areas Depend on Hand Used and Handedness

34 participants

Healthy participants   lh

15 participants, 10 females, 5 males

Age range: 21 – 35 years

Age mean: 26.1 years

Healthy participants   rh

19 participants, 12 females, 7 males

Age range: 19 – 30 years

Age mean: 24.7 years

full extraction details
count = 34, age mean = 25.32, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35

healthy

count = 34, age mean = 25.32, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 35

rh

count = 19, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 30, age mean = 24.7

female

count = 12, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 30

male

count = 7, age minimum = 19, age maximum = 30

lh

count = 15, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 35, age mean = 26.1

female

count = 10, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 35

male

count = 5, age minimum = 21, age maximum = 35
healthy
rh
count
19
…nections between the cerebellum and AIP, an area which is fundamental for the visuomotor transformations underlying grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experime…
healthy
rh
female
count
…rebellum and AIP, an area which is fundamental for the visuomotor transformations underlying grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed ( 12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had …
healthy
rh
age range
… is fundamental for the visuomotor transformations underlying grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal visi…
healthy
rh
age mean
24.7
… visuomotor transformations underlying grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and they had no ne…
healthy
lh
count
15
…sformations underlying grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and they had no neurologic or psychia…
healthy
lh
female
count
…g grasping. ## Materials and Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed ( 10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and they had no neurologic or psychiatric history, or…
healthy
lh
age range
…d Methods ### Functional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and they had no neurologic or psychiatric history, or any motor pathology. Handedness (…
healthy
lh
age mean
26.1
…ional MRI #### Subjects Nineteen right-handed (12 women and 7 men; age range: 19–30 years; mean age: 24,7 years) and fifteen left-handed (10 women and 5 men; age range: 21–35 years; mean age: 26,1 years) participated in the experiment. They all had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and they had no neurologic or psychiatric history, or any motor pathology. Handedness (right-handedness, left…

PMC2648877

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Atypical recruitment of medial prefrontal cortex in autism spectrum disorders: An fMRI study of two executive function tasks

33 participants

Healthy participants

18 participants, 5 females, 13 males

Age mean: 32.0 years

Patients

Diagnosis: Autism Spectrum Disorder

15 patients, 3 females, 12 males

Age mean: 38.0 years

full extraction details
count = 33, age mean = 34.73

patients

count = 15, age mean = 38, diagnosis = Autism Spectrum Disorder

_

count = 15, age mean = 38, diagnosis = Autism Spectrum Disorder

male

count = 12, diagnosis = Autism Spectrum Disorder

female

count = 3, diagnosis = Autism Spectrum Disorder

healthy

count = 18, age mean = 32

_

count = 18, age mean = 32

male

count = 13

female

count = 5
count
33
…ion in ill-structured circumstances ( ). We expected activity in medial rostral PFC to be particularly associated with the stimulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (A…
patients
count
… activity in medial rostral PFC to be particularly associated with the stimulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M …
diagnosis
…ostral PFC to be particularly associated with the stimulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  =…
patients
male
count
…rly associated with the stimulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder ( 12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13…
patients
female
count
…ated with the stimulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ…
healthy
count
…timulus-oriented phases of this task. ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ (ASD M : 119…
healthy
male
count
… ## Methods ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants ( 13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ (ASD M : 119, SD: 14; control M : 119, SD: 11; …
healthy
female
count
…ds ### Participants Thirty-three individuals participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ (ASD M : 119, SD: 14; control M : 119, SD: 11; t (31)…
patients
age mean
…s participated in the study: 15 participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ (ASD M : 119, SD: 14; control M : 119, SD: 11; t (31) = 0.1, p  = .93). Full-scale IQ was measured usi…
healthy
age mean
…articipants with Autism Spectrum Disorder (12 males; 3 females) and 18 non-autistic control participants (13 males; 5 females). Groups were matched on age (ASD M : 38 years, SD: 13; control M : 32 years, SD: 8; t (31) = 1.6, p  = .13), and IQ (ASD M : 119, SD: 14; control M : 119, SD: 11; t (31) = 0.1, p  = .93). Full-scale IQ was measured using the Wechsler Adult Intelligenc…

PMC2748718

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

The Neural Correlates of Religious and Nonreligious Belief

30 participants

Healthy participants

30 participants, 16 females, 14 males

full extraction details
count = 30

healthy

count = 30

_

count = 30

male

count = 14

female

count = 16
count
…note, however, that the subjects retained in this experiment do not represent the full range of religious commitment found in the general population. Our final study consisted of data acquired from 30 subjects (15 Christians; 15 Nonbelievers; 7 men and 8 women in each group). The mean full-scale WASI scores, years of education, and ages for the groups appear in . Subject Data: The mean full-s…
male
count
14
…is experiment do not represent the full range of religious commitment found in the general population. Our final study consisted of data acquired from 30 subjects (15 Christians; 15 Nonbelievers; 7 men and 8 women in each group). The mean full-scale WASI scores, years of education, and ages for the groups appear in . Subject Data: The mean full-scale WASI scores, years of education, and ages f…
female
count
16
…ent do not represent the full range of religious commitment found in the general population. Our final study consisted of data acquired from 30 subjects (15 Christians; 15 Nonbelievers; 7 men and 8 women in each group). The mean full-scale WASI scores, years of education, and ages for the groups appear in . Subject Data: The mean full-scale WASI scores, years of education, and ages for all subje…

PMC2775905

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

On-line plasticity in spoken sentence comprehension: Adapting to time-compressed speech

18 participants

Healthy participants

18 participants

Age range: 18 – 60 years

Age mean: 26.7 years

Age median: 22.5 years

full extraction details
count = 18, age mean = 26.7, age median = 22.5, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 60

healthy

count = 18, age mean = 26.7, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 60, age median = 22.5

_

count = 18, age mean = 26.7, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 60, age median = 22.5

female

age minimum = 18, age maximum = 60

male

age minimum = 18, age maximum = 60
count
… subsequently excluded due to: i) excessive head motion (> 10 mm), ii) an unexpected brain abnormality, iii) chance level performance in the scanner, and iv) an error acquiring the scanning data. The 18 remaining participants were right-handed, native speakers of British English (mean 26.7 years, median 22.5 years, range 18–60 years) without any history of neurological or psychiatric disease. The be…
age mean
…rain abnormality, iii) chance level performance in the scanner, and iv) an error acquiring the scanning data. The 18 remaining participants were right-handed, native speakers of British English (mean 26.7  years, median 22.5 years, range 18–60 years) without any history of neurological or psychiatric disease. The behavioural and neuroimaging data from the older participant (the one 60 year-old) did not…
age median
…ii) chance level performance in the scanner, and iv) an error acquiring the scanning data. The 18 remaining participants were right-handed, native speakers of British English (mean 26.7 years, median 22.5  years, range 18–60 years) without any history of neurological or psychiatric disease. The behavioural and neuroimaging data from the older participant (the one 60 year-old) did not differ qualitative…
age minimum
…erformance in the scanner, and iv) an error acquiring the scanning data. The 18 remaining participants were right-handed, native speakers of British English (mean 26.7 years, median 22.5 years, range 18 –60 years) without any history of neurological or psychiatric disease. The behavioural and neuroimaging data from the older participant (the one 60 year-old) did not differ qualitatively from the youn…
age maximum
…ormance in the scanner, and iv) an error acquiring the scanning data. The 18 remaining participants were right-handed, native speakers of British English (mean 26.7 years, median 22.5 years, range 18– 60  years) without any history of neurological or psychiatric disease. The behavioural and neuroimaging data from the older participant (the one 60 year-old) did not differ qualitatively from the younger…

PMC2935390

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

The Brain Effects of Laser Acupuncture in Healthy Individuals: An fMRI Investigation

10 participants

Healthy participants

10 participants, 7 females, 3 males

Age range: 18 – 50 years

Age mean: 39.8 years

full extraction details
count = 10, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 50, age mean = 39.8

healthy

count = 10, age mean = 39.8, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 50

_

count = 10, age mean = 39.8, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 50

female

count = 7, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 50

male

count = 3, age minimum = 18, age maximum = 50
count
10
…ble effect by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the cerebral activation patterns from laser stimulation of relevant acupoints. ## Methodology/Principal Findings Ten healthy subjects were randomly stimulated with a fibreoptic infrared laser on 4 acupoints (LR14, CV14, LR8 and HT7) used for depression following the principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM),…
female
count
…thics committee of the South Eastern Sydney & Illawarra Area Health Service and participants provided written informed consent before participation. ### Participants The participants (n = 10) ( 7 women, 3 men) were healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years (mean age  = 39.8 years) who were recruited by advertisement from the staff and students of the University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales…
male
count
…mittee of the South Eastern Sydney & Illawarra Area Health Service and participants provided written informed consent before participation. ### Participants The participants (n = 10) (7 women, 3 men) were healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years (mean age  = 39.8 years) who were recruited by advertisement from the staff and students of the University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales Hospita…
age range
… Illawarra Area Health Service and participants provided written informed consent before participation. ### Participants The participants (n = 10) (7 women, 3 men) were healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years (mean age  = 39.8 years) who were recruited by advertisement from the staff and students of the University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. All participants w…
age mean
…rvice and participants provided written informed consent before participation. ### Participants The participants (n = 10) (7 women, 3 men) were healthy volunteers aged 18–50 years (mean age  =  39.8 years) who were recruited by advertisement from the staff and students of the University of New South Wales and Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia. All participants were right-handed and had…

PMC2993660

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Imaging the functional connectivity of the Periaqueductal Gray during genuine and sham electroacupuncture treatment

48 participants

Healthy participants

48 participants, 24 females, 24 males

Age mean: 26.4 years

full extraction details
count = 48, age mean = 26.4

healthy

count = 48, age mean = 26.4

_

count = 48, age mean = 26.4

male

count = 24

female

count = 24
count
48
…ure analgesia, in this study we investigated functional connectivity with the area of the PAG we previously identified and how that connectivity was affected by genuine and sham EA. ## Results Forty-eight subjects, who were randomly assigned to receive either genuine or sham EA paired with either a high or low expectancy manipulation, completed the study. Direct comparison of each treatment mode's fun…
count
48
…p < 0.05 at the cluster level. Thus, the threshold of voxel-wise p < 0.001 uncorrected with 31 contiguous voxels was used in this study. ## Results Of seventy-seven healthy enrolled subjects, forty-eight (average age 26.4 ± 4.9; 24 males and 24 females) completed the study; each of the four treatment groups contained twelve subjects. ### MASS ratings We used the MASS to quantify the intensity of…
age mean
…evel. Thus, the threshold of voxel-wise p < 0.001 uncorrected with 31 contiguous voxels was used in this study. ## Results Of seventy-seven healthy enrolled subjects, forty-eight (average age 26.4 ± 4.9; 24 males and 24 females) completed the study; each of the four treatment groups contained twelve subjects. ### MASS ratings We used the MASS to quantify the intensity of subjects' sensati…
male
count
…the threshold of voxel-wise p < 0.001 uncorrected with 31 contiguous voxels was used in this study. ## Results Of seventy-seven healthy enrolled subjects, forty-eight (average age 26.4 ± 4.9; 24 males and 24 females) completed the study; each of the four treatment groups contained twelve subjects. ### MASS ratings We used the MASS to quantify the intensity of subjects' sensations exper…
female
count
… of voxel-wise p < 0.001 uncorrected with 31 contiguous voxels was used in this study. ## Results Of seventy-seven healthy enrolled subjects, forty-eight (average age 26.4 ± 4.9; 24 males and 24 females) completed the study; each of the four treatment groups contained twelve subjects. ### MASS ratings We used the MASS to quantify the intensity of subjects' sensations experienced during…

PMC2995581

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Face-Specific Resting Functional Connectivity between the Fusiform Gyrus and Posterior Superior Temporal Sulcus

30 participants

Healthy participants   experiment 1

12 participants

Healthy participants   experiment 2

18 participants

full extraction details
count = 30

healthy

count = 30

experiment 1

count = 12

female

male

experiment 2

count = 18

female

male

healthy
experiment 1
count
…cted analysis to subjects for whom we could localize both a right FG seed and right control seed (we failed to localize the FG seed in three subjects and the control seed in two subjects). A total of 12 right-handed subjects with normal or corrected-to-normal vision met these criteria. They received monetary compensation for participating. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects, and the stu…
healthy
experiment 2
count
…ment 1 . ## Experiment 2 ### Materials and methods #### Subjects To replicate and extend our findings of Experiment 1, we collected resting and localizer data from a new group of 18 naive subjects. All subjects were right-handed, had normal or corrected-to-normal vision, and received monetary compensation for participating. Informed consent was obtained from subjects, and the st…

PMC3002948

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Affective Response to a Loved One's Pain: Insula Activity as a Function of Individual Differences

30 participants

Healthy participants   eating disorders prone

15 participants, 5 females, 10 males

Age mean: 34.4 years

Healthy participants   phobic prone

15 participants, 6 females, 9 males

Age mean: 39.2 years

full extraction details
count = 30, age mean = 36.8

healthy

count = 30, age mean = 36.8

phobic prone

count = 15, age mean = 39.2

female

count = 6

male

count = 9

eating disorders prone

count = 15, age mean = 34.4

female

count = 5

male

count = 10
healthy
phobic prone
count
15
…ely, we hypothesized that the activation of the insular cortices during a visual experience of a loved one's pain would differ according to group. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) (6 females; mean age 39.2; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) (5 females; mean age 34.4; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The coup…
healthy
phobic prone
female
count
…he insular cortices during a visual experience of a loved one's pain would differ according to group. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) ( 6 females; mean age 39.2; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) (5 females; mean age 34.4; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The couples enrolled had been together in a com…
healthy
phobic prone
age mean
…during a visual experience of a loved one's pain would differ according to group. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) (6 females; mean age 39.2 ; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) (5 females; mean age 34.4; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The couples enrolled had been together in a committed relationship for…
healthy
eating disorders prone
count
…ne's pain would differ according to group. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) (6 females; mean age 39.2; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) (5 females; mean age 34.4; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The couples enrolled had been together in a committed relationship for the last three years and had been li…
healthy
eating disorders prone
female
count
…oup. ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) (6 females; mean age 39.2; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) ( 5 females; mean age 34.4; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The couples enrolled had been together in a committed relationship for the last three years and had been living together for at least one year. …
healthy
eating disorders prone
age mean
… and Methods ### Participants Fifteen participants were phobic prone (PP) (6 females; mean age 39.2; standard deviation [SD] 7.4) and 15 were eating disorders prone (EDP) (5 females; mean age 34.4 ; standard deviation [SD] 8.65). The couples enrolled had been together in a committed relationship for the last three years and had been living together for at least one year. To assign the participa…

PMC3045463

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Temporal Processing Deficits in Parkinson's Disease

40 participants

Healthy participants

19 participants, 7 females, 12 males

Patients

Diagnosis: idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

21 patients, 7 females, 14 males

full extraction details
count = 40

patients

count = 21, diagnosis = idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

_

count = 21, diagnosis = idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

male

count = 14, diagnosis = idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

female

count = 7, diagnosis = idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

healthy

count = 19

_

count = 19

male

count = 12

female

count = 7
diagnosis
idiopathic Parkinson's Disease
…abriel N. and Greenberg, Paul A. and Song, David D. and Lessig, Stephanie and Lee, Roland R. and Rao, Stephen M. PLoS One, 2011 # Title Neurobehavioral Mechanisms of Temporal Processing Deficits in Parkinson's Disease # Keywords # Abstract ## Background Parkinson's disease (PD) disrupts temporal processing, but the neuronal sources of deficits and their response to dopamine (DA) therapy are not understoo…
patients
count
…me perception (e.g., SMA, middle-frontal and inferior-parietal cortex) are unclear as this has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD (14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults (12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in th…
patients
male
count
…rontal and inferior-parietal cortex) are unclear as this has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD ( 14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults (12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in their body, exhibited signs of demen…
patients
female
count
… inferior-parietal cortex) are unclear as this has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD (14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults (12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in their body, exhibited signs of dementia on a …
healthy
count
…tal cortex) are unclear as this has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD (14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults (12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in their body, exhibited signs of dementia on a global dementia …
healthy
male
count
…lear as this has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD (14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults ( 12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in their body, exhibited signs of dementia on a global dementia screening battery (…
healthy
female
count
…is has not been previously studied. ## Methods ### Participants and Procedures Participants included 21 volunteers with idiopathic PD (14 males, 7 females) and 19 healthy adults (12 males, 7 females). Age and education were balanced between the groups ( ). Subjects were excluded if they had metal in their body, exhibited signs of dementia on a global dementia screening battery (Mini-Ment…

PMC3078751

See article on PMC

Labelled by Jerome_Dockes in participant_demographics

Caudate Nucleus Signals for Breaches of Expectation in a Movement Observation Paradigm

14 participants

Healthy participants

14 participants, 8 females, 6 males

Age range: 22 – 29 years

Age mean: 24.8 years

full extraction details
count = 14, age minimum = 22, age maximum = 29, age mean = 24.8

healthy

count = 14, age mean = 24.8, age minimum = 22, age maximum = 29

_

count = 14, age mean = 24.8, age minimum = 22, age maximum = 29

female

count = 8, age minimum = 22, age maximum = 29

male

count = 6, age minimum = 22, age maximum = 29
count
14
… attentional modulation more generally (due to the explicit instruction rendering breaches of expectation task-relevant; Corbetta and Shulman, ). ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fourteen right-handed, healthy participants (eight women, age 22–29, mean age 24.8) took part in the study. Each participant's laterality quotient, as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfiel…
female
count
8
…o the explicit instruction rendering breaches of expectation task-relevant; Corbetta and Shulman, ). ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fourteen right-handed, healthy participants ( eight women, age 22–29, mean age 24.8) took part in the study. Each participant's laterality quotient, as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, ) was higher than 60. All participants…
age range
…struction rendering breaches of expectation task-relevant; Corbetta and Shulman, ). ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fourteen right-handed, healthy participants (eight women, age 22–29 , mean age 24.8) took part in the study. Each participant's laterality quotient, as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, ) was higher than 60. All participants were health scre…
age mean
…ing breaches of expectation task-relevant; Corbetta and Shulman, ). ## Materials and Methods ### Participants Fourteen right-handed, healthy participants (eight women, age 22–29, mean age 24.8 ) took part in the study. Each participant's laterality quotient, as assessed with the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory (Oldfield, ) was higher than 60. All participants were health screened by a physi…